Family Picornaviridae

Genome: positive sense - ssRNA Host: Vertebrates

Compiled for the VIth ICTV Report by Minor PD, Brown F, Domingo E, Hoey E, King A, Knowles N, Lemon S, Palmenberg A, Rueckert RR, Stanway G, Wimmer E, Yin-Murphy M.

Index to Taxonomic Structure of the Family

Family Picornaviridae

 

1. Genus Enterovirus

Type Species poliovirus 1

List of Species in the Genus

List of Tentative Species

Genus Rhinovirus

Type Species human rhinovirus 1A

List of Species in the Genus

List of Tentative Species

Genus Hepatovirus

Type Species human hepatitis A virus

List of Species in the Genus

List of Tentative Species

Genus Cardiovirus

Type Species encephalomyocarditis viris

List of Species in the Genus

List of Tentative Species

Genus Aphthovirus

Type Species foot-and-mouth disease virus O

List of Species in the Genus

List of Tentative Species

List of Unassigned Viruses in the Family

Relationship to other Taxa
References

Genus Enterovirus

Type Species

poliovirus 1 (PV-1)

Picornavirus (large); (small) . Electron micrographs by S. McNulty, Veterinary Science Division, Queens University, Belfast, UK.

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Swine vesicular disease virus [D00435] is very similar to human coxsackievirus B5. Certain virus isolates initially reported as novel echoviruses were later shown to have been misidentified. Thus E8 was E1, E10 was a reovirus, E28 was rhinovirus type A1. Similarly coxsackievirus A23 was echovirus 9. Echovirus 22 is distinctive in its genome sequence (exhibiting little or no identity to any other picornavirus) and to some degree in its in vitro growth properties. However, its biophysical properties, clinical presentation and occurrence currently support its classification as an atypical enterovirus.

Species in the Genus

Virus name (synonym) followed by [Genomic sequence accession number] (Acronym)

bovine enterovirus 1 [D00214] (BEV-1)
bovine enterovirus 2 (BEV-2)
human coxsackievirus A 1 to 20 (CAV-1 to 20)
human coxsackievirus A 21 [D00538] (CAV-21)
human coxsackievirus A 22 (CAV-22)
human coxsackievirus A 24 (CAV-24)
human coxsackievirus B 1 [] (CBV-1)
human coxsackievirus B 2 [] (CBV-2)
human coxsackievirus B 3 [M33854] (CBV-3)
human coxsackievirus B 4 [] (CBV-4)
human coxsackievirus B 5 [] (CBV-5)
human coxsackievirus B 6 [] (CBV-6)
human echovirus 1 to 7 (EV-1 to 7)
human echovirus 9 (EV-9)
human echovirus 11 to 27 (EV-11 to 27)
human echovirus 29 to 33 (EV-29 to 33)
human enterovirus 68 to 71 (HEV68 to 71)
poliovirus 1 [V01150] (PV-1)
human poliovirus 2 (PV-2)
human poliovirus 3 (PV-3)
porcine enterovirus 1 to 13 (PEV-1 to 13)
simian enterovirus 1 to 18 (SEV-1 to 18)
Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (VHEV)

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Tentative Species in the Genus

None reported.

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Genus Rhinovirus

Type Species

human rhinovirus 1A (HRV-1A)

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Species in the Genus

Virus name (synonym) followed by [Genomic sequence accession number] (Acronym)

bovine rhinovirus 1 (BRV-1)
bovine rhinovirus 2 (BRV-2)
bovine rhinovirus 3 (BRV-3)
human rhinovirus 1A (HRV-1A)
human rhinovirus 2-13 (HRV-2 to 13)
human rhinovirus 14 [K02121] (HRV-14)
human rhinovirus 15 to 100 (HRV-1 to 100)

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Tentative Species in the Genus

None reported.

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Genus Hepatovirus

Type Species

human hepatitis A virus (HAV)

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Species in the Genus

Virus name (synonym) followed by [Genomic sequence accession number] (Acronym)

human hepatitis A virus [M14707] (HAV)
simian hepatitis A virus (SHAV)

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Tentative Species in the Genus

None reported.

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Genus Cardiovirus

Type Species

encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Species in the Genus

Virus name (synonym) followed by [Genomic sequence accession number] (Acronym)

encephalomyocarditis virus [M81861] (EMCV)
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (murine poliovirus) [M20562] (TMEV)

Mengovirus, Columbia-SK virus and maus Elberfield virus are best regarded as strains of EMCV, based on serological cross-reaction and sequence identity. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, also known as murine poliovirus, lacks a poly (C) tract but has 54 % nucleotide sequence identity with EMCV and less than 40% with other picornavirus groups. The location and nature of its antigenic sites are comparable to those of the other cardioviruses.

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Tentative Species in the Genus

None reported.

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Genus Aphthovirus

Type Species

foot-and-mouth disease virus O (FMDV-O)

Taxonomic Structure of the Genus

Species in the Genus

Virus name (synonym) followed by [Genomic sequence accession number] (Acronym)

foot-and-mouth disease virus O (FMDV-O)
foot-and-mouth disease virus A [M10975; M32257](FMDV-A)
foot-and-mouth disease virus C (FMDV-C)
foot-and-mouth disease virus ASIA 1 (FMDV-ASIA1)
foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 (FMDV-SAT1)
foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 2 (FMDV-SAT2)
foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 3 (FMDV-SAT3)

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Tentative Species in the Genus

None

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Unassigned Viruses in the Family

cricket paralysis virus (CrPV)
Drosophila C virus (DCV)
equine rhinovirus 2 (ERV-2)
equine rhinovirus 3 (ERV-3)
Gonometa virus

The significance of the reported serological cross-reaction between CrPV and EMCV is not presently understood.

There are a number of small RNA viruses that have been described for which the taxonomic status is not known. These include the following:

1-three acid stable viruses of horses, two of which belong to a single serotype. Their properties are similar to equine rhinoviruses, which themselves vary in acid liability.

2-several diseases of domesticated birds caused by small RNA viruses which have often been referred to as 'enteroviruses'. They include avian encephalomyelitis (AEV), duck hepatitis virus types I and III (type II is an astrovirus), avian nephritis virus (ANV) and a number of poorly characterized isolates.

3-at least 25 small RNA viruses from various insect species. These are described in the literature as picornaviruses, or picornavirus-like viruses. The position of all these viruses within the family Picornaviridae is currently under review. They include agents such as bee acute paralysis, bee slow paralysis, bee virus X, Drosophila P and A viruses, sacbrood virus, Queensland fruitfly virus, Triatoma virus and aphid lethal paralysis virus.

4-viruses morphologically resembling picornaviruses isolated from harbor seals and sea bass.

5-Members of the family Sequiviridae have many properties in common with picornaviruses.

Similarity with Other Taxa

None reported.

References